RT Book, Section
A1 MacDougall, Conan
A2 Brunton, Laurence L.
A2 Knollmann, Björn C.
SR Print(0)
ID 1193239063
T1 Cell Envelope Disruptors: β-Lactam, Glycopeptide, and Lipopeptide Antibacterials
T2 Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14th Edition
YR 2023
FD 2023
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264258079
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193239063
RD 2024/10/16
AB The  bacterial  cellular  envelope  typically  consists  of  the  inner  membrane,  the  cell  wall,  and,  in  gram-negative  organisms,  the  outer  membrane.  The  cell  envelope  is  a  key  target  for  antibacterial  agents,  including  the  β-lactam  antibiotics,  glycopeptides,  and  lipopeptides,  as  well  as  other  minor  classes  (including  bacitracin,  discussed  below,  and  polymyxins,  discussed  in  Chapter  59).  β-Lactam  antibiotics—penicillins,  cephalosporins,  carbapenems,  and  monobactams—share  a  common  structure  (β-lactam  ring)  and  mechanism  of  action  (i.e.,  inhibition  of  the  synthesis  of  the  bacterial  peptidoglycan  cell  wall).  β-Lactams  are  the  single  most  important  antibacterial  class  given  their  broad  and  varied  spectrum  of  activity,  their  potent  antibacterial  killing,  and  their  generally  favorable  tolerability.  Unfortunately,  resistance  to  β-lactams  has  steadily  increased,  requiring  development  of  new  agents,  which  can  evade  (e.g.,  ceftaroline)  or  neutralize  (e.g.,  β-lactamase  inhibitors)  these  mechanisms.  The  glycopeptides,  including  vancomycin,  and  lipopeptides  (daptomycin)  provide  important  treatment  alternatives  for  infections  due  to  gram-positive  organisms.