RT Book, Section
A1 Meyer, Sara Anne
A2 Sutton, S. Scott
SR Print(0)
ID 1213342832
T1 Chronic Heart Failure
T2 McGraw Hill’s NAPLEX<sup>®</sup> Review Guide, 5<sup>th</sup> Edition
YR 2024
FD 2024
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781265383343
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1213342832
RD 2025/07/08
AB Heart  failure  (HF)  is  a  syndrome  of  reduced  cardiac  output  (CO)  resulting  from  impaired  ventricular  ejection,  impaired  filling,  or  components  of  both.  HF  with  reduced  ejection  fraction  (HFrEF)  was  formerly  known  as  systolic  dysfunction,  whereas  HF  with  preserved  ejection  fraction  (HFpEF)  was  formerly  known  as  diastolic  dysfunction.  Although  half  of  HF  cases  are  due  to  HFpEF,  the  majority  of  clinical  studies  enroll  patients  with  HFrEF.  Chronic  HFrEF  management  includes  lifestyle  modifications,  medications,  and  implantable  devices.  Guideline-directed  medical  therapy  (GDMT)  for  HFrEF  includes  four  medication  classes  that  now  includes  sodium-glucose  cotransporter-2  inhibitors  (SGLT2i).  However,  there  were  minimal  to  no  evidence-based  therapeutic  approaches  for  HFpEF  management  until  recently.